Foundations of Software Testing

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This book presents sound engineering approaches for software test generation, selection, minimization , assessment, and enhancement. Using numerous examples, it offers lucid description, of a wide range of techniques for a variety of testing related tasks. Students, practitioners and researchers will find this book an excellent source of simple to advanced techniques to use and improve their knowledge of and expertise in software testing. Features Algorithmic approach to describe a wide range of techniques for test generation Detailed treatment of topics such as test generation from finite state models, combinatorial designs and test selection and minimization for regression testing Test adequacy assessment using criteria mandated by the FAA and other agencies; data flow based adequacy and mutation based adequacy are the most powerful of the available test adequacy criteria Step by step algorithms to generate tests Comparative analysis of commercially available testing tools to facilitate tool selection 252 examples and 199 exerxcises that range from simple to highly challenging About The Author Aditya P. Mathur is Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science, at Purdue University, Indiana. He is one of the founders of the department of Computer Science at BITS where he served on the faculty (1973-85) and as the department head (1982-85) . He designed, developed, and taught the first course on microprocessors, in 1979, to undergraduate studies from his book Introduction to Microprocessors, written specially for this course. He taught an undergraduate course in software engineering (1991-2001) at Purdue University that brought companies into direct contact with students in the classroom. A highly recognized and rewarded teacher, Dr Mathur has been a prolific researcher with over 100 published works in international journals and conferences. His key contributions include a multilingual computer, the saturation effect in software testing, a theory of software cybernetics,and novel techniques for reliability estimation. He led the development of several software products including a compiler (1976) , a commercial compiler(1979) , an educational administration system (1985), and the J/Listen systems (1994,2003). Table Of Contents Part I: Preliminaries 1. Basics of software testing 1.1 Humans, Errors, and Testing 1.2 Software Quality 1.3 Requirment, Behavior, and correctness 1.4 Correctness versus relibility 1.5 Testing and debugging 1.6 Test metrics 1.7 Software and hardware testing 1.8 Testing and verification 1.9 Defect management 1.10 Execution history 1.11 Test generation strategies 1.12 Static testing 1.13 Model based testing and model checking 1.14 Control flow graph 1.15 Dominators and postdominators 1.16 Program dependence graph 1.17 Strings, languages, and regular expressions 1.18 Type of testing 1.19 The saturation effect Part II: Test Generation 2. Test generation from requirments 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The test selection problem 2.3 Equivalence partitioning 2.4 Boundary value analysis 2.5 Category partition method 2.6 Cause effect graphing 2.7 Test generation from predicates 3. Test Generation from finite state models 3.1 Software design and testing 3.2 Finite state machines 3.3 Conformance testing 3.4 A fault model 3.5 Characterization set 3.6 The W-Method 3.7 The partial W-Method 3.8 The UIO-Sequence method 3.9 Automata theoretic versus control flow based techniques 4. Test Generation from combinatorial designs 4.1 Combinatorial designs 4.2 A Combinatorial test design process 4.3 Fault model 4.4 Latin squares 4.5 Mutually orthogonal latin squares 4.6 Pairwise design: Binary factors 4.7 Pairwise design: Multivalued factors 4.8 Orthogonal arrays 4.9 Coverting and mixed level covering arrays 4.10 Arrays of Strength 4.11 Generating covering arrarys 5. Test selection, Minimization, and priaritization for regression testing 5.1 What is regression testing 5.2 Regression test process 5.3 RTS: The Problem 5.4 Selecting regression tests 5.5 Test selection using execution trace 5.6 Test selection using dynamic slicing 5.7 Scalability of test selection algorithms 5.8 Test minimization 5.9 Test prioritization Part III: Test adequacy assessment and enhancement 6. Test adequacy: Assessment using control flow and data flow 6.1 Test adequacy: Basics 6.2 Adequacy criteria based on control flow 6.3 Data flow concepts 6.4 Adequacy criteria based on data flow 6.5 Control flow versus data flow 6.6 The subsumes relation 6.7 Structural and functional testing 6.8 Scalability of coverage measurement 7. Test adequacy assessment using program mutation 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mutation and mutants 7.3 Test assessment using mutation 7.4 Mutation operators 7.5 Design of mutation operators 7.6 Founding principles of mutation testing 7.7 Equivalent mutants 7.8 Fault detection using mutation 7.9 Types of mutants 7.10 Mutation operators for C 7.11 Mutation operators for java 7.12 Mutation operators for FORTRAN 77,C, and JAVA: A comparison 7.13 Tools for mutation testing 7.14 Mutation testing withen budget Summary Bibliographic notes Exercises References Subject Index Name Index